Ha Long Bay has an area of around 1,553km2, including 1,960 islets, most of which are limestone. The core of the bay has an area of 334km2 with a high density of 775 islets.The limestone in this bay has gone through 500 million years of formation in different conditions and environments. The evolution of the karst in this bay has taken 20 million years under the impact of the tropical wet climate. The geo-diversity of the environment in the area has created biodiversity, including a tropical evergreen biosystem, oceanic and sea shore biosystem. Ha Long Bay is home to 14 endemic floral species and 60 endemic faunal species.
Historical research surveys have shown the presence of prehistorical human beings in this area tens of thousands years ago. The successive ancient cultures are the Soi Nh? culture around 18,000-7,000 BC, the Cái Bèo culture 7,000-5,000 BC and the H? Long culture 3,500-5,000 years ago. Ha Long Bay also marked important events in the history of Vietnam with many artifacts found in Bài Th? Mout, ??u G? Cave, Bãi Cháy.
500 years ago, Nguyen Trai praised the beauty of Ha Long Bay in his verse L? nh?p Vân ??n, in which he called it “rock wonder in the sky”. In 1962, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Vietnam listed Ha Long Bay in the National Relics and Landscapes publication. In 1994, the core zone of Ha Long Bay was listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site according to criteria vii, and listed for a second time according to criteria viii.
History of halong bay
Soi Nh? culture (16000- 5000 BC)
Located in H? Long and Bái T? Long are archaeological sites such as Mê Cung and Thiên Long. There are remains from mounds of mountain shellfish (Cyclophorus), spring shellfish (Melania), some fresh water mollusk and some rudimentary labour tools. The main way of life of Soi Nh?’s habitants included catching fish and shellfish, collecting fruits and digging for bulbs and roots. Their living environment was a coastal area unlike other Vietnamese cultures, for example, like those found in Hoà Bình and B?c S?n.
Cái Bèo culture (5000- 3000BC)
Located in H? Long and Cát Bà island, its habitants developed to the level of sea exploitation.
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How was music used during the Vietnam War?
I’m doing a Senior Seminar paper on Vietnam and the music of time. My prof said I should focus on how the younger college age generation used the music to express themselves and just how they used the music in general. Anyone know any good books or sources for this?
Answer
You might consider using lyrics of the time as opposed to books and websites.
You can watch the ‘general’ cold war evolve into Vietnam in the lyrics by Dylan, Peter Paul and Mary, [some] Kingston trio, Dave Van Ronk and others of the cusp time when Vietnam was just tuning up. As the worm turned you see CW splitting as a direct result of the war, Folk fading to be replaced by predominantly anti-war lyrics, political lyrics, or ‘civil rights issue’ lyrics.
Merle Haggard, “Okie From Muskogee” and “You’re Walking on the Fighting Side of Me” emerged as a battle flag for the pro-Vietnam War factions, along with a song by an ex-Special Forces guy [name escapes me] “Silver Wings upon His Chest” about the Special Forces.
These songs were countered on the other side by “**shole From El Paso” by Kinky Friedman, “Your Flag Decal won’t Get You Into Heaven Anymore” by John Prine, songs by Steve Goodman, Kris Kristofferson, many others were openly anti-Vietnam War and made it into poplularity
The troops had their own obliquely anti-war preferences in music. We Gotta Get Out of this Place is an example. The song from the broadway musical hair, “Happy Birthday Abey Baby” became fairly popular and reflects the racial side of things. The haunting sound of “We Will All Go Down Together” by Billy Joel, sounds of helicopters in the background maybe covers the whole waterfront.
Jesse Winchester left to avoid the draft during the “Love it or Leave It” stage of things. Later he released a great album, “Learn to Love It” that’s worth a listen.
VIETNAM ERA ANTI WAR MUSIC
http://www.jwsrockgarden.com/jw02vvaw.htm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4498011.stm
http://folkmusic.about.com/od/toptens/tp/Top10Protest.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_era_music








